Monday, November 25, 2013

Antiporda et. al v. Justice Garchitorena et. al. (1st Division of Sandiganbayan) [Dec 23, 1999]

Nature: Petition for Certiorari and Prohibition with Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining Order to restrain the 1st Division Sandiganbayan from further proceeding with Crim. Case No. 24339 and from enforcing the warrants of arrest or to maintain the status quo until further orders from this Court.


Facts:
·         Municipal Mayor Antiporda and others were charged with the crime of kidnapping one Elmer Ramos. It was filed with the First Division of the Sandiganbayan. The Information reads as follows:
“That on September 1, 1995, in Sanchez Mira, Cagayan and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused Eliterio Rubiaco, Caesar Talla, Vicente Gascon and Licerio Antiporda, Jr…did then and there… kidnap Elmer Ramos from his residence in Marzan, Sanchez Mira, Cagayan against his will with the use of a Maroon Tamaraw FX motor vehicle…“
·         Sandiganbaya ordered the prosecution to submit an amendment to the Information:
[Sandiganbayan] expressed anxiety as to the Court's jurisdiction over the case considering that it was not clear whether or not the subject matter of the accusation was office related.
For this purpose, Prosecutor Agcaoili is given 30 days to submit the amendment embodying whatever changes necessary in order for the Information to effectively describe the offense herein charged...
·         The prosecution filed an Amended Information:
“That on September 10, 1997, at Sanchez Mira, Cagayan and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the accused Licerio Antiporda, Jr., being the Municipal Mayor of Buguey, Cagayan in the exercise of his official duties as such and taking advantage of his position, ordered, confederated and conspired with Juan Gallardo, Barangay Captain of San Lorenzo, Buguey, Cagayan (now deceased) and accused Eliterio Rubiaco, barangay councilman of San Lorenzo, Buguey, Cagayan, Vicente Gascon and Caesar Talla… kidnap and abduct the victim Elmer Ramos… and detain him illegally at the residence of Antiporda  for more than five (5) days.”
·         Accused then filed an Urgent Omnibus Motion praying that a reinvestigation of the case be conducted and the issuance of warrants of arrest be deferred. 
·         Ombudsman Aniano A. Desierto denied the Omnibus Motion.
·         The accused filed a Motion for New Preliminary Investigation and to Hold in Abeyance and/or Recall Warrant of Arrest Issued which was also denied "on the ground that there was nothing in the Amended Information that was added… so that the accused could not claim a right to be heard separately in an investigation in the Amended Information.
·         Also, the Court ruled that "since none of the accused have submitted themselves to the jurisdiction of the Court, the accused are not in a position to be heard on this matter at this time"
·         The accused filed a Motion to Quash the Amended Information for lack of jurisdiction over the offense charged. 
·         Sandiganbayan ignored the Motion to Quash since the accused have continually refused to submit themselves to the jurisdiction of this Court.
·         A MR was filed wherein it was alleged that the filing of the Motion to Quash and the appearance of their counsel during the scheduled hearing amounted to their voluntary appearance and invested the court with jurisdiction over their persons. 
·         Sandiganbayan denied the MR.
Issues:
a) Can the Sandiganbayan, which has no jurisdiction as charged in the original complaint, acquire jurisdiction through the amendment of Information? NO, petitioners barred by estoppel.
Sandiganbayan Jurisdiction
·         Sec. 4, par (a) of P.D. 1606, as amended by P.D. 1861:
(a) Exclusive original jurisdiction in all cases involving:
(2) Other offenses or felonies committed by public officers and employees in relation to their office
·         Criminal Jurisdiction Requisites:
(1) the offense is one which the court is by law authorized to take cognizance of (SUBJECT MATTER)
(2) the offense must have been committed within its territorial jurisdiction (VENUE OR TERRITORY)
(3) the person charged with the offense must have been brought in to its forum for trial (PERSON OF THE ACCUSED)
a) forcibly by warrant of arrest
b) or upon his voluntary submission to the court.
PERSON OF THE ACCUSED
·         Petitioners:
o    Sandiganbayan had no jurisdiction since the original information did not allege that one of the petitioners, took advantage of his position as mayor.
o    Court lacking jurisdiction cannot order the amendment of the information.
·         Court:
o    They cannot question the assumption of jurisdiction by the Sandiganbayan because they insist that said court acquired jurisdiction over their motion to quash.  
SUBJECT MATTER
WON the Sandiganbayan had jurisdiction over the offense charged?
·         NO. The original Information did not mention that the offense committed by the accused is office-related.
·         BUT, the petitioners are estopped for in the MR filed with the Sandiganbayan, it was they who "challenged the jurisdiction of the RTC over the case and clearly stated in their MR that the said crime is work connected.
·         A party cannot invoke the jurisdiction of a court to secure affirmative relief against his opponent, and after obtaining or failing to obtain such relief, repudiate or question that same jurisdiction. 
·         Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over the case because of estoppel and it was thus vested with the authority to order the amendment of the Information.

b) Can the amended information be allowed without conducting anew a preliminary investigation for the graver offense charged therein?
·         Reinvestigation is not necessary anymore. It is proper only if the accused's substantial rights would be impaired. The amendments merely describe the public positions and where the victim was brought when he was kidnapped.
·         A preliminary investigation is essentially inquisitorial. It is not a trial of the case on the merits and but determines only whether there is probable cause to believe that the accused is guilty.

·         The purpose of a preliminary investigation has been achieved already and we see no cogent nor compelling reason why a reinvestigation should still be conducted.

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