Saturday, March 28, 2015

BACELONIA, SR. VS. CA & BOLOS [2003]



PARTIES
Petitioners/Team School Shuttle Service:
·          Serena T. Bacelonia,
·          Graciano Bacelonia, Sr.
·          Graciano T. Bacelonia, Jr., - driver
Respondents/Team Parents of Jemelee:
·          Sps. Victorino S. Bolos, Jr. and Olivia P. Bolos
Team Cargo Truck:
·          Simeon Roxas-Cu – Owner
·          Daniel Carino – Driver
actions
·          CC No. Q-95-23169 – filed by Bacelonias against Roxas-Cu and Cariño
·          CC No.Q-98-33149 – filed by Sps Bolos against Bacelonia’s and Team Cargo Truck
nature
Petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45
facts
·          Feb 3, 1993 - VEHICULAR ACCIDENT involving a tamaraw-type school shuttle service vehicle and a 6 x 6 Isuzu cargo truck along QC on resulting in the death of Sps. Bolos’ daughter, Jemelee Bolos.  
·          Jemelee was on board the SCHOOL SHUTTLE SERVICE vehicle that used to transport her from Marikina City to St. Bridget School in QC.
CC No. Q-95-23169
·          Mar 1, 1995 - Bacelonia’s filed on Mar 1, 1995 a complaint for damages Team CT with the RTC of QC
·          Apr 27, 1995 -  Bacelonias and their Team Cargo Truck entered into a COMPROMISE AGREEMENT that led to the DISMISSAL of the complaint on Apr 28, 1995 by the trial court.
CC No.Q-98-33149
·          Jan 12, 1998, Victorino and Olivia Bolos filed a COMPLAINT FOR DAMAGES against petitioners including Simeon Roxas-Cu and Daniel Cariño before the RTC of QC
·          Defendants
o    Graciano, Sr. and Serena Bacelonia - OWNERS OF THE SCHOOL SHUTTLE  
o    Graciano Bacelonia, Jr. - DRIVER thereof.
o    Simeon Roxas-Cu and Daniel Cariño were the OWNER and the DRIVER of the cargo truck
·          Feb 9, 1998, the petitioners filed their:
o    ANSWER with special and affirmative defenses and COUNTERCLAIM while their co-defendants
o    Simeon Roxas-Cu and Daniel Cariño, filed their ANSWER with affirmative defenses and CROSS-CLAIM.
motion to be dropped as defendants
·          Sep 24, 1999, and upon termination of the testimony of the second witness for the Sps Bolos in CC #2, Bacelonias filed a MOTION TO BE DROPPED AS DEFENDANTS therefrom on the ground that a COMPROMISE AGREEMENT had already been entered into by the parties in CC No. 95-23169.  
·          The Bacelonias opined in essence that their co-defendants had explicitly admitted sole responsibility for the vehicular accident by entering into the compromise agreement.  
·          Simeon Roxas-Cu and Daniel Cariño, filed an OPPOSITION thereto substantially contending that res-judicata does not obtain insofar as the present case is concerned, and that, on the contrary, they never admitted any responsibility for the accident on Feb 3, 1993.

·          Jan 10, 2000 - trial court resolved to DENY THE MOTION of the Bacelonias to be dropped as defendants on for lack of merit and scheduled the reception of evidence of the defense on Feb 3, 2000.
·          Jan 31, 2000, the Bacelonias filed a MR of the trial court’s order denying their motion to be dropped as defendants from CC No. Q-98-33149 and set the date of hearing thereof on Feb 15, 2000 at 8:30 o’clock in the morning.  
·          On the same day, Bacelonias also filed a SEPARATE MOTION TO CANCEL THE HEARING FOR THE PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE for the defense earlier scheduled on Feb 3, 2000 so that their MR, scheduled for hearing on Feb 15, 2000, may not be rendered moot and academic. The motion to cancel hearing was itself scheduled to be heard on Feb 3, 2000.
·          Private respondents OPPOSED THE TWIN MOTIONS of the Bacelonias for lack of merit and argued that the scheduled hearing on Feb 3, 2000 for the initial presentation of evidence of the defense may be availed of by said Bacelonias for oral argument in support of their MR.
·          During the scheduled hearing for the initial presentation of evidence of the defense on Feb 3, 2000, the trial court denied the MR of the Bacelonias for lack of merit.
petition for certiorari to the ca
·          The Bacelonias elevated the matter to the CA through a petition for certiorari maintaining that they were not accorded their right to due process when their MR was denied by the trial court prior to its scheduled hearing on Feb 15, 2000.   
·          Mar 6, 2000 PETITION WAS DISMISSED BY THE CA in the questioned Resolution for being premature and for lack of merit.  
·          CA: questioned order of the trial court was INTERLOCUTORY and could not be assailed in a petition for certiorari and that, moreover, RES JUDICATA did not apply insofar as the claim in CC #2 was concerned.
·          The subsequent MR was denied by the CA on May 19, 2000.  
issue
·          WON the CA exceeded its jurisdiction when it dismissed the petition in CA-G.R. SP No. 57455.
ruling
·          Sps. Bolos Comment on Oct 9, 2000 which elicited a Reply from the Bacelonias on May 15, 2001. Both parties filed their respective memoranda on Dec 18, 2001 in compliance with our resolution dated Oct 8, 2001 after which the case was deemed submitted for decision.
rule 65 is the proper remedy not rule 45
·          While the instant petition is ostensibly denominated as a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 seeking a review of the questioned resolutions of the CA, the discussion therein exclusively dwells on the sole issue of WON the CA committed GAD, a question which may be appropriately addressed through a petition for certiorari under Rule 65.  
·          Bacelonias: CA exceeded its jurisdiction when it dismissed their petition in CA G.R. S.P. No. 57455 allegedly for being premature and for lack of merit, thereby totally ignoring the basic issue on the alleged violation by the trial court of their basic right to due process.
·          A petition for review under Rule 45 is generally limited only to questions of law or errors of judgment. 
·          On the other hand, the petition for certiorari under Rule 65 may be availed of to correct errors of jurisdiction including the commission of GAD amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.
·          Consequently, the instant petition for review may be denied for being an erroneous legal recourse.
TC DID NOT COMMIT GAD
·          CA correctly dismissed the petition for the reason that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the Bacelonias’ MR on Feb 3, 2000.  
·          By GAD is meant such capricious and whimsical exercise of judgment as would be equivalent to lack of jurisdiction.  The abuse of discretion must be patent and gross as to amount to an evasion of positive duty or a virtual refusal to perform a duty enjoined by law, or to act at all in contemplation of law as where the power is exercised in an arbitrary and despotic manner by reason of passion and hostility.
rule 15.5 is mandatory
·          The MR of the TC’s resolution on Jan 10, 2000 was filed by the Bacelonias on Jan 31, 2000.  The date and time of hearing thereof was set by the Bacelonias on Feb 15, 2000 at 8:30 AM.  
·          Rule 15.5:
Section 5.  Notice of hearing.- The notice of hearing shall be addressed to all parties concerned, and shall specify the time and date of the hearing which must not be later than ten (10) days after the filing of the motion.  
·          The scheduled hearing of the said MR was BEYOND the period specified by the Revised Rules of Court which was not later than ten (10) days after the filing of the motion, or no later than Feb 10, 2000.
·          Rule 15.5 uses the mandatory term “Must” in fixing the period within which the motion shall be scheduled for hearing.  
·          A motion that fails to religiously comply with the mandatory provision of Rule 15.5 is pro forma and presents no question which merits the attention and consideration of the court.
·          The mandatory character of Rule 15.5 becomes specially significant in this case, since it is apparent that the Bacelonias have been engaging in dilatory tactics, an imputation not without factual basis.  
compromise agreement not binding on the sps bolos
·          This compromise agreement was already interposed by the Bacelonias as one of the special and affirmative defenses in their answer to the complaint for damages in CC No. Q-98-33149.
·          It was no longer legally possible for the Bacelonias to file the Motion to Exclude on Sep 24, 1999 in CC #2 (actually a MTD the case against them), based on a compromise agreement that did not even bind the complainants who were not parties thereto.
·          The private respondents were already winding up the presentation of their evidence in CC No. #2.
·          Upon the denial of their Motion to Exclude on Jan 10, 2000, the Bacelonias filed the MR on Jan 31, 2000.  They also moved to cancel the scheduled hearing for the initial presentation of their evidence already scheduled on Feb 3, 2000 ostensibly to give way to oral arguments in support of their MR which, as above discussed, was pro forma.  
·          By their actuations, it can be conclusively presumed that the Bacelonias had no other intention but to delay the proceedings in CC #2.
bacelonias was not denied of due process
·          Besides, the Bacelonias cannot validly invoke violation of due process to question the trial court’s denial of their MR. It should be pointed out that the motion to cancel the scheduled hearing on Feb 3, 2000 filed on Jan 31, 2000 by the Bacelonias was itself scheduled to be heard on Feb 3, 2000 which latter date, incidentally, was previously set by the trial court for reception of defendants’ evidence. 
·          The Bacelonias were present during the hearing on said date to argue on the merits of their motion to cancel.
·          The private respondents objected to the motion to cancel the hearing on Feb 3, 2000, arguing that no compelling reason existed to grant the said pending motion; they proposed instead that Bacelonias avail of the said setting to argue their MR. 
·          Despite the denial by the trial court of their motion to cancel, and a subsequent directive for them to argue their MR on Feb 3, 2000, the Bacelonias chose to ignore the same. The Bacelonias thus had only themselves to blame for not having been heard on their MR.  
·          What is violative of due process is the denial of the opportunity to be heard.  In the case at bar, no GAD can be ascribed to the trial court inasmuch as it afforded the Bacelonias more than ample opportunity to explain their side.
dispositive

·          Petition for review on certiorari is hereby DENIED.

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